SOURCES & ACCURACY
How the site decides what to tell you
We prefer primary legislation, court rules and official tribunal/government guidance. Industry codes are identified as industry rules, not legislation. Community cases are not treated as precedent.
Current private parking position
Schedule 4 of the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 applies to keeper-liability cases in England and Wales. The 2022 Government Private Parking Code was withdrawn. The current BPA/IPC sector Single Code is version 1.1, effective 17 February 2025 with an updated foreword dated 13 April 2026 and transitional provisions for some existing sites through 31 December 2026.
Scotland
The Scottish Government confirmed on 19 August 2026 that section 8 of the Transport (Scotland) Act 2019, concerning private-parking keeper liability, had not yet been brought into force.
Northern Ireland
Public parking-ticket procedure is taken from nidirect/DfI guidance. Schedule 4 of POFA 2012 does not extend to Northern Ireland.
Review policy
High-change sources such as industry codes, enforcement rules and government consultations should be reviewed more frequently than settled legislation. The production database stores source version, effective dates, last-reviewed date and review-due date.